Jama Masjid in Agra is situated just opposite to the Agra Fort. It is also popularly known as the Jami Masjid or Friday Mosque and is one of the well known Agra tourist places.
Jama Masjid was built by Emperor Shah Jahan for his favorite daughter Jahanara Begum's wish, at the cost of Rs 5 lakhs and took a period of 5 years in construction and was completed in 1649 AD. It is one of the largest mosques in India. The red sandstone structure was built in a typical Mughal style. It rests on a high plinth and is approached by staircase. It consists of a spacious elevated courtyard bordered by arched porticoes to the north and south, with a fountain at its centre. The eastern end was once also bordered by an arched portico and a grand entrance, but those were demolished by the British in 1857 while building the railway line to Agra.
The prayer hall occupies the western end of the courtyard and consists of a long rectangular structure, divided into five sections and crowned by three large domes. All the domes have inverted lotus and kalash finials on the top. Connecting the prayer hall to the courtyard are five archways, of which the central one is framed by a large iwan portico and a white marble facade with Persian calligraphy. Two short slender minarets, decorated in a zigzag pattern, once flanked the central archway, but the right side minaret was destroyed. A series of chhatris line the top of the facade.
The interiors of the western wall have a beautiful mihrab and pulpit in white marble. The Persian inscription in white marble inlaid with black stone on the archway of the central portal is in praise of Jahanara and Shah Jahan. It is said that once surrounded by a market place called Tripolia set in an octagonal (Muthamman) Chowk that was built between the Delhi Gate and the Jama Masjid. But, it was later destroyed in 1871-73 to acquire space for laying down the railway tracks for the city.
History and Architecture
Built by Shah Jahan in 1648, it took six years and 5000 workers to complete the mosque. It rests on a high plinth with five arched entrances leading to the courtyard. On its right side is the Jammat Khana hall. Next to the hall is the Zenana Rauza, the Tomb of the royal ladies. The Tomb of the sacred Sufi Saint Sheikh Salim Chisti is within the compound of Jama Masjid. History says that Emperor Akbar, the greatest and most renowned Mughal Emperor of the dynasty had no heir. He earnestly sought blessings from the Sufi Saint and through the divine grace of the Saint the Emperor was blessed with a son. He named his son Salim after the name of the saint who after Akbar became the emperor and was famously known as Emperor Jehangir. As mark of true gratitude and respect, the Emperor Akbar dedicated a magnificent city in honor of the Sufi saint and a mosque. The emperor also built a royal tomb of the Saint made of red sandstone after his death. Later on Emperor Shah Jahan erected another tomb of the Saint with white marble. The beautiful paintings, the intricate designs of the latticework, glazed tiles adorned with floral motifs of myriad colors, carvings, the pillared Dalan, the Chatri on the roof, the geometrical designs in the central arch of the Iwan, the beautiful Chhajja makes it architecturally rich and stand apart on its own right.
The main entrance of the masjid is through the eastern side. There are cloisters with designed arches supported by pillars. The prayer chamber has a large entrance with an arched iwan in the center. An iwan is a rectangular hall with three walls having one side fully open. It is decorated with kiosks alternatively with slender turrets. Out of the three domes of the masjid the one crowning the prayer chamber is the largest and highest. The three domes have inverted lotus carved and kalash finials on the top. Narrow zigzag designs are made by alternating white marble and broad bands of red sandstone. In the center of the courtyard there is a fountain with four kiosks in four corners. A beautiful mihrab and pulpit in white stone grace the interiors of the western wall. The archway of the central portal has a white marble which is inscripted with inlaid blackstone. The inscription praises Shah Jahan and his daughter Jahanara. This beautiful mosque with its awesome architecture was compared with Baitul-Mamur considered to be situated in the fourth sky decorated with rubies and pearls.
The mosque has a capacity to accommodate 10,000 people at a time. While visiting the masjid complex one need to dress up accordingly and knees should be properly covered. It is one of the important landmarks of the city. Crowded bazaars surround the mosque that serves as a reference point for the newcomers or tourists. The street plans remain the same as in the days of the Mughals.
